The Success of the Hatian Revolution - 1004 Words

Revolution is a forced end to a social system or government in order to have a new system. The revolution occurred due to inequalities, unsatisfactory social conditions and political management. Many revolts occurred during the time of slavery but the Haitian revolution was the most prosperous revolution to occur. It took place in the French colony of Saint Domingue which is the colonial name of Haiti. It resulted in the removal of slavery and the establishment of the Republic of Haiti. Haiti was the first republic in modern history led by people of African descent. Haiti went from being a French colony to governing itself. Saint Domingue was the richest European colony; it was dominated by plantation agriculture and supplied sugar and coffee to the world’s market. Sugar and coffee were two of the world’s most traded merchandise, and Saint Domingue produced massive amounts of the world’s sugar and coffee percentages. This made Saint Domingue one of France’s most profitable plantation colonies. To meet the growing needs of this plantation system, Saint Domingue’s colonists constantly expanded the number of slaves. Thus, the colonial economy fueled the social imbalance that led to the revolution. Haiti had a high slave population; African slaves were brought to the island for trade. In Saint Domingue there was a division of races, there were three major races; the whites, the Mulattoes and the blacks. The white population consisted of two groups known as Grand Blancs andShow MoreRelatedAbstract. This Memoir Employed A Mixed Methods Design To1562 Words   |  7 Pagesits effect on the population of adults and children in Haiti. Moreover, it is further postulated that the juvenile’s long-term success is based on the officials commitment to the juvenile’s family, the juvenile’s judges ability to help the family build a collaborative support network, and the network of support in helping the family to overcome hindrances to success. Implications for juvenile judicial policy, practice, and future research are subsequently presented. â€Æ' LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS APENARead MoreEssay on Global History from the 15th Century2523 Words   |  11 Pagesmigrants consisted of enslaved Africans transported involuntarily to the Americas. It also resulted in the complete annihilation and decimation of the Inca, Mayan and Aztec populations. Gold and silver brought the English and Dutch immediate financial success, however in 1603 spices were worth more than one million pounds of sterling. Francisco Pizarro and his conquistadores looted gold and silver from Cuzco’s (Inca capital) temples and public buildings, and even looted jewelry and ornaments from the embalmed

Transcendentalism - 1409 Words

Transcendentalism was a huge cultural movement in the nineteenth century; however, the ideas of the movement still continue to influence our society in the twenty-first century. These ideas of Transcendentalism have continued to exist throughout many years because the ideas remain relevant to society. In fact, the problems that many Transcendentalist writers encountered still happen today in new forms. These similar problems include conformity, the role of government in society, and the importance of nature. In general, people still feel that society needs to better itself for the benefit of all individuals, which is at the heart of Transcendentalism. Some of the ideas that Transcendentalists constantly defended included individualism,†¦show more content†¦Throughout the majority of their campaign, the idea was overshadowed by the topic of slavery. Despite the large amount of men who were afraid that women would start wearing pants, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed, which finally gave women the right to vote. During this time, women broke away from the tradition of not speaking about politics, which showed the concept of individualism in their social movement. Today, women’s rights is still a huge concept through the Feminist Movement, which pushes that men and women are equal beings. The movement covers many different topics, but in summary, feminists have â€Å"advocated for the dignity, intelligence, and basic human potential of the female sex† (www.pacificu.edu). Due to the fact that feminism advocates for all sexes to have equal rights, which comes from intuition, the movement is directly related to Transcendentalism. After the Transcendentalist movement, movements like Human Rights, Women’s Suffrage, and Feminism have kept the concepts of individualism, self-reliance, and intuition alive in today’s society. Furthermore, a person who acts with civil disobedience means, in the words of Martin Luther King Jr., â€Å"One who breaks an unjust law†¦ openly, lovingly†¦, and with a willingness to accept the penalty†. In other words, civil disobedience is respectfully breaking a law that is disagreed with, and then openly accepting the consequence. During the world’s history,Show MoreRelatedTranscendentalism And Transcendentalism : Transcendentalism1589 Words   |  7 PagesBetween the 1840s and 1860s, the movement known as Transcendentalism surfaced and soared. The Transcendentalist movement began as a physiological movement, which then influenced the literature of those who studied it, including its American literary founder, Ralph Waldo Emerson. Transcendentalism took place at the end of the Romanticism era and the beginning of the Realism time period, but it had its own distinct characteristics. Transcendentalists were known for believing in a new way of comprehendingRead MoreTranscendentalism : Transcendentalism And Transcendentalism1801 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican Revolution, a moment known as Transcendentalism. Drunk with the joy of independence yet horrified by slavery, it was a movement that encouraged its followers to seek individual freedom, to fight for the rights of women and slaves, and to look towards nature for inspiration and the Divine. It was a movement that combined the best of past philosophical moments. It adopted the value of action from the Renaissance. Action was a virtue and in Transcendentalism it was viewed a as a means for humanRead MoreEssay on Transcendentalism vs. Anti-Transcendentalism778 Words   |  4 PagesIn the mid-1830s, Ralph Waldo Emerson created a belief called Transcendentalism. He wrote the essay, â€Å"Self Reliance† and Henry David Thoreau, another Transcendentalist wrote an essay called, â€Å"Walden.† Both works o f literature focus on the Transcendentalism belief. In â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hawthorne reveals both Transcendentalism and Anti-Transcendentalism through the attitudes of the characters. Therefore, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† can be compared and contrasted withRead MoreEssay on Transcendentalism1619 Words   |  7 Pages Transcendentalism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many people have theories and philosophies about life in general. There have been hundreds of thousands of books published by many different people on the ideas of people in the past and the present. Transcendentalism falls in amongst all of these ideas. There have been articles, essays, poems, and even books written about this subject. Transcendentalism has effected many people since the philosophy was first introduced. The idea was complex andRead More Transcendentalism Essay563 Words   |  3 Pages Transcendentalism Back in the 1800s, people trusted in their innersoul. it was called transcendentalism. People like Emerson and Thoreau were transcendentalism. They didnt think with their heads. They do things like in their first impression. If they sees that a tree is violet, they will paint it violet. During that era, Romanticism was party of it too. Ideas of Romanticism with transcendentalism. In our everyday life, we use transcendentalism. We use our head to think and our hart to feelRead MoreTranscendentalism Essay617 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Transcendentalism is a movement that started in New England in the early to mid nineteenth century. It was created as a protest against the general culture at the time, straying away from the mindless doctrines of the churches. I think that Thoreau, Emerson, Whitman, and Dickinson did a good job of explaining what Transcendentalism is really about, which is that death is coming for everyone. Our Town stands out to me because it doesn’t use any props, and its strong symbolism that makes a pointRead MoreTranscendentalism : The And The Movement1027 Words   |  5 Pages Transcendentalism Web Quest Directions: Research the answers to these questions online using reputable websites. As you work, copy and paste the website URLs that you use at the bottom of this document (you do not need to create a Works Cited page). Type your answers into this document. Make sure that all of your answers are in your own words. You will be submitting this document via www.turnitin.com and need to be sure that you are not plagiarizing. If you plagiarize from an online source orRead MoreTranscendentalism Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagesis struggling to find their inner self can trust several of the ideas of transcendentalism. In fact, Thoreau and Emerson include the ideas of optimism, intuition, and originality in many of their pieces of literature. It is clear that a teenager who is struggling developing their character should connect with the transcendent ideas from Thoreau and Emerson. Students struggling with themselves can benefit from Transcendentalism articles in order to help them become more optimistic. Thats because theRead MoreTranscendentalism Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesculture of religions in the world. The soul is the essence of humanity and spirituality is the condition of one’s soul. Spirituality is the condition of a consciousness. One answer to creating this essential growth in spirituality is Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is the rebellion of one’s soul against the societal laws that humanity upholds. It is the integrity of a being and the healing of a scarred mind through nature. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a major figure in transcendentalist literatureRead MoreTranscendentalism Essay1866 Words   |  8 Pageswe will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds† This message encompasses the whole ideology of transcendentalism. The transcendentalist were a group of individuals attempting to pave their own path i n the world. Without them the progression of women’s rights, anti-slavery laws and various religious movements would slow tremendously. The American history of transcendentalism is often attributed to the struggles of a single man. In early 1831, Boston pastor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, who had

Competition Law under EU Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1662 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Competition Essay Did you like this example? Competition means that businesses are under constant pressure to be better than their competitors, in order to win customers. Competition acts as a driver for innovation and technological progress, and this improves consumer welfare. Therefore, the interests of consumers are at the heart of competition policy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Competition Law under EU Law" essay for you Create order In a competitive market, each firm tries to be optimal and attract consumers through lower prices and improve the quality of its products or services. With the help of consumers, authorities such as the European Commission can take more effective action to prevent or prohibit anti-competitive practices sometimes observed on the market. Competition law in the theoretical model in a society sellers produce homogeneous products and all relevant consumers are fully informed before buying a product. Some objectives of competition law is Workable competition, No prevention, restriction or distortion of competition, Low prices, Good quality, Protection of consumers, Economic efficiency, Protection of competitors, Protection of SMEs, Economic development of all geographical areas, Employment, Freedom of contract, Competitiveness on other markets, Democratic values ,Protection of internal market. Also EU competition law is primarily concerned with the problems that may occur when an undertaking or two or more undertakings have or obtain substantial market power (+ internal market) and undertakings that have substantial market power enjoy some of the benefits available to a true monopolist (Market power enables undertakings to limit output and raise prices, harmful to economic, efficiency and consumer welfare. In EU accession include the Utmost importance of competition law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" harmonization ,Stabilization and association agreement, Importance of implementation, Practice, Administrative capacity, Application of European law before accession Art 74 Croatian Competition act. EU competition law are includes Arts 101-106. Article 101 (ex Article 81 TEC): In this article prohibits what follows as not compromised. Substantially prevent any movement or decision of undertakings which may affect, restrict and restrain trade between countries negatively. Article 102 TFEU provides: Any operation undertakings of a dominant position into the internal market or in one of the significant part of it must be forbidden as Non-compromised energy to the internal market in so far as it may influence commerce between States. Such abuse may, in especially, consist in: According to EU Competition Law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Directly or indirectly commanding unfair market or selling prices or other unfair trading conditions; (b) Limiting manufacture, markets or technical growth to the prejudice of consumers; (c) Applying disparate conditions to parity transactions with other trading parties, therefrom placing them at a competitive disadvantageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[1]Some new markets economy has resulted in the network externalities. Network effect: Microsoft (2007): EU Competition defines that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In industries exhibiting strong network effects, consumer demand depends critically on expectations about future purchases. If consumers expect a firm with a strong reputation in the current (product) generation to succeed in the next generation, this will tend to be self-fulfilling as the consumers direct their purchases to the product that they believe will yield the greatest networks gainsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] Article 106 (ex Article 86 TEC): In the case à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“of public undertakings and undertakings to which Member States grant special or exclusive rights, Member States shall neither enact nor maintain in force any measure contrary to the rules contained in the Treaties, in particular to those rules provided for in Article 18 and Articles 101 to 109à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[3] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“National courts can apply Articles 101 and 102 TFEU without it being necessary to apply national competitio n law in parallel. However, where a national court applies national competition law to agreements, decisions or practices which may affect trade between EU countries within the meaning of Article 101(1) TFEU (ex-Article 81(1) TEC) or to any abuse prohibited by Article 102 TFEU, they also have to apply EU competition rules to those agreements, decisions or practices. The parallel application of national competition law to agreements may not lead to a different outcome from that resulting from the application of EU competition law.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [4] Microsoft is one of the most famous companies in the world which provides operating systems for desktops and laptops. In 1998 accepted the first complaint by an equally dynamic company which providing software, programming languages (such as her own creation of Java) and sells market computers, the Sun Microsystems Inc. The complaint that received the DG Group refers to the abuse of dominance made by Microsofts OS market and refusing to provide the information interoperability about the software products provided. This resulted affect disadvantaged and negative competitive companies since they could develop their products were compatible with the operating systems Windows. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“However, the Commission reaching the February 2000 opened Microsofts case, on its own initiative, under Regulation No 17, which was patented as Case COMP/C-3/37.792 which was related to the integration of Windows Media Player in OS of Windows 2000. After a year in August 2001, an announcement of objections (SO) was sent to Microsoft relating to the Media Player evolving, and the Commission incorporated into this an earlier SO relating to the interoperability issue. Microsoft responded to the Statement of Objections on17 November 2000.1.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] The Commission later proved that apart from the Sun there were other companies had refused this information, and continuous non-disclosures by Microsoft were a strategic target w as the deviation of competitors from the market. The tying of Microsofts media player product resulted besides the foreclosure of competitors, was also reduced consumer choice, on the ground that the other competitors at a disadvantage without it being related to the value and quality. Many are the elements that already show a trend that prevails in favor of Windows Media Player and general technology of Windows. If there was no intervention by the Commission, the connection of Windows Media Player with Windows is sure to be made the purchase definitively in favor of Microsoft and of course there would be the case with a monopoly. This way allows Microsoft to inspect related markets in the digital media, such as encoding technology, software for broadcasting of music over the Internet and digital rights management etc. According to Osterud (2010) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Commission noted that Microsoftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior should be analyzed in the light of two key circumstance s. And The European Commission has decided, after a five-year investigation, that Microsoft Corporation insolvent European Union competition law by leveraging its too close to monopoly in the market Firstly, Microsoft enjoyed a position of extraordinary market strength on the market for client PC operating systems. Secondly, interoperability with the client PC operating system was of significant competitive importance in the market strength on the purchase of some function of a working group on servers systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [6] as for the interoperability remedy, where Microsoft has to disclose absolute and exact information on all the interfaces that will allow non-servers of Microsoft workgroup to achieve the complete interoperability with Windows PCs and servers, his expertise might be used in assessing whether Microsoftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s protocol disclosures are full and exact and whether the terms under which Microsoft makes the protocol specifications available are logical and non-discriminatory. On tying, the Trustee might be asked to examine whether Microsoft has duly implemented the demand to suggestion to PC constructors a version of its Windows client PC operating system without Windows Media Player. Also the commission required it by Microsoft to set remedies in relation to both work group server operating systems and media players. For these reasons, Microsoft has been forced to allow all European users the freedom to choose yourself which browser they want and allow all computer manufacture rs not to incorporate the Internet Explorer or disable it. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Specifically for the continuous illegal behavior Microsoft it ordered to reveal to competitors, within 120 days, the borders obligatory for their products to be able to talk with the omnipresent Windows OS. Also within 90 days, Microsoft must make the proposal to issue Windows without integrating Windows Media Player or sell as isolatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Overall a fine up to Microsoft for abuse of power in the EU market amounted to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬497 million. Microsoft is also going to publish commitment today which allows the publication of information about interoperability issues. According to European Commission à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The General Court essentially upheld the Commissions main findings that Microsofts pricing of interoperability information was not compliant with the 2004 Microsoft Decision, whilst reducing the penalty payment marginally from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬899 million to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬860 mil lion. In particular, the General Court confirmed that in the absence of convincing evidence as to the innovative character of Microsofts non-patented interoperability information, Microsofts remuneration schemes prior to 22 October 2007 were unreasonable under the 2004 Microsoft Decision. In this regard, the General Court confirmed that allowing Microsoft to charge for merely interoperating with its dominant PC and work group server operating system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the very essence of the original abuse à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" would in effect allow it to transform the benefits of the abuse into remunerationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [7]. Finally, Although Microsoft has violated the laws of competitiveness The Court nevertheless reduced the fine marginal considering the fact that Microsoft had to do with the availability of interoperability to third parties. This judgment corroborate that non-compliance with an antitrust decision makes up important misconduct which the Commission is entitled to sanction in order to obligate compliance. Bibliography European Competition Law Prof. Fabio Bassan a.a. 2013ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 14 European Competition European Commission IP/04/382 Brussels, 24 March 2004 Commission concludes on Microsoft investigation, imposes conduct remedies and a fine EU Commission: Antitrust: Commission welcomes General Court judgment in Microsoft compliance case EU Competition Law Rules Applicable to Antitrust Enforcement Volume I: General Rules Situation as at 1st July 2013 pp.11 Eric Osterud (2010) Identifying Exclusionary Abuses by Dominant Undertakings under EU Competition Law: The spectrum of tests (chapter7) pp.238 Sandra M. Colino(2011)Competition Law of the EU and UK(7th edition) pp.446 Links https://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/competition/firms/l26110_en.htm Cardiff Met University [1] European Competition Law Prof. Fabio Bassan a.a. 2013ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 14 [2] European Competition [3] EU Competition Law Rules Applicable to Antitrust Enforcement Volume I: General Rules Situation as at 1st July 2013 pp.11 [4] https://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/competition/firms/l26110_en.htm [5] Sandra M. Colino(2011)Competition Law of the EU and UK(7th edition) pp.446 [6] Eric Osterud (2010) Identifying Exclusionary Abuses by Dominant Undertakings Under EU Competition Law: The spectrum of tests(chapter7) pp.238 [7] EU Commission: Antitrust: Commission welcomes General Court judgment in Microsoft compliance case

The Impact Of Pop Culture On The Music Industry - 1720 Words

The 1990’s was a stepping ground for the development of society as it is today. Through television, music, art and technology American social structures experienced huge changes. Gone were the days of the Huxtables where nuclear families displayed perfect, well put together families. 80’s music once filled with electric synthesizers and singers professing their love for their partners evolved into Hip Hop and Grunge music that discussed the grittiness of real life and the human struggle most people actually faced. As the decade passed pop culture continued to influence the youth culture with the help of artists such as Robert Wyland and Banksy who brought in a new enlightenment for the preservation of nature and social commentary of war and social injustices. In addition, with technological advancements and the mainstream use of cell phones, personal computers and the advent of the internet, the teens of the 1990’s began to pave the way towards a more global s ociety. Pop culture in the 1990’s had a strong presence in the development of the music industry as a whole; particularly the grunge and hip hop music industries. Shifting from the usual Pop music that once invaded the list of Top 40’s by artists such as Duran Duran and the Human League, music soon evolved into a darker, more introspective genre called Grunge. This style of music derived from Seattle, Washington in the late 1980’s but was not popularized until the early to mid-1990’s. Grunge music addressedShow MoreRelatedWhy Study Pop Music Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Study Pop Music â€Å"Pop culture used to be all the stuff you had to wait for after school to enjoy. But these days, pop culture is just as likely to be the stuff you study in school† . In 1986 Michael Hannan establish a contemporary Popular Music program at Southern Cross University a trained classical pianist and musicologist he had previously worked in rock bands and for AC/DC’s publisher. Hannan recounts how in 2000 â€Å"at least 8 of the 37 universities in Australia are now offering degreesRead MoreThe Mafia s Influence On Hip Hop1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mafia’s influence on Hip-Hop In Rap, there is a unique culture, history, social impact and influence on society. Hip-Hop/Rap is one of the most popular genre of music. It has helped shape the pop culture into what it is today. What is popular culture? The ideas, activities or products, which are popular among the general mass. In today’s pop culture, one subject that is at the top of the list is hip-hop/rap. Hip-Hop music highlights verses consisting of slang and catchy phrases, which someRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Korean Economic1651 Words   |  7 PagesImpact 7.1 Positive influences on Korean Economic After the success of H.O.T, government promoted a policy relating to spread the K-pop music to other countries. The government has acknowledged that the cultural products can be used as a way to benefit the country’s export sector. According to government estimates, a US$100 increase in the export of cultural products results in a US$412 increase in the export of other consumer goods (Tuk 2012, 12). On the other hand, the Ministry of Culture and TourismRead MoreConsequences of Popular Culture1060 Words   |  5 PagesConsequences of Popular Culture A Consequence can be defined as, Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition. In this matter we are referring to the consequences of Pop Culture towards violence. Violence in general has one meaning, an act of aggression. We will be examining three types of violence in our culture, Domestic violence, Youth violence, and of course Gun violence. We feel that all three of these types of violence have increased in today s society asRead MoreMichael Jackson Impact On Music770 Words   |  4 PagesKing of Pop. And he was right. One of the best ways to learn was watching the master at work, as Michael Jackson had one of the largest impacts in the entertainment industry. Without the influence of Michael Jackson, the RB and Hip-Hop industry would not have had the artists or music that it has today. He was known as one of the best entertainers of all time, Michael Jackson was the most decorated pop artist. He was a developer in the music industry, thanks to his ground-breaking music, choreographyRead MoreThe Nirvana Rebellion: Impact on Rock n Roll Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesStarting in the local underground music scene, Nirvana experienced breakthrough mainstream commercial success since late 1991, until the suicide of Kurt Cobain in April 1994. During their eight-year career span, Nirvana released three studio albums, including Nevermind, which eventually established Nirvana into their stardom, and will went on to sell 30 million copies worldwide. Other than a considerable sales figure, Nirvana was notable for their innovative music style, as well as their recklessRead MoreThe Active Audience On Pop Culture1245 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication, there are various types of culture. The most widely known of these types is pop culture. Pop Culture in short, is every meme, perspective, image and phenomena that are within the mainstream of a culture which has created an active audience. This active audience has a role in pop culture a s to how it creates and defines music, movies and race in popular culture. In a culture, there will always be an active audience in the music industry. In the article â€Å"Mix it up â€Å", it shows usRead MoreThe Impact Of World Music On Music And Culture1168 Words   |  5 Pagesworld music and globalization. According to Bohlman, world music is music people face ubiquitously, and includes popular, folk and art music practiced by either professionals or amateurs; it may be Western or non-Western, acoustic, electronic, and so on. Bohlman notes that world music can be marketable, profane, or sacred, and that musicians may highlight genuineness while greatly relying on media to propagate it to as many markets as they can. The consumers of world music may accept the music as howeverRead MoreMusic Industry And Its Influence On Modern Society1034 Words   |  5 Pagesabundant variety of music genres, old and new. Music has a versatile role in modern society. Music serves just as many purposes as it possesses in genres. For listeners, music is not simply a n escape or form of entertainment; it is a source of inspiration and self-expression. Sometimes, this can be problematic and lead to false identities and music miscegenation. The music industry has had a powerful influence on what listeners consume. In this process, traditional black music genres have crossedRead MoreThe Impact Of Pakistani Music1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Pakistani Music The face of Hollywood is a young, beautiful, caucasian girl. All my life I have been so deprived of racially diverse media, especially seeing a lack of my own kind, Pakistani. Although I may not be directly exposed to Pakistani culture because I live in America, they do have their own music and entertainment industry. The entertainment industries in Pakistan are enormous, with different types of music, movies and television shows. Despite the vast variety of music genres

Omaha Beach Invasion Free Essays

Early morning hours on June 6, 1944, paratroopers from the British 1st Airborne Division silently dropped and drifted towards the Pegasus Bridge, one of the few bridges that led over the Seine towards Normandy. Moments later, they stormed the bridge with heavy casualties. The Allied invasion of Hitler’s â€Å"Fortress Europe† has just begun (Dube, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Omaha Beach Invasion or any similar topic only for you Order Now On those hours, lantern-equipped pathfinders dropped all over the Cotentin Peninsula. Alone and unaided, they were dropped to mark the way for the thousands of men coming in behind them. At dawn, the sea invasion began as an Allied Armada disgorged thousands of troops at five beaches along France’s Normandy coast. Allied forces stormed the shores and battled the German defenses in a fight that would go down as the â€Å"Longest Day† in history. The beach’s terrain proved to be an important factor in the assault (Lewis 2000). Its crescent form is bounded at either end by rocky cliffs and its tidal area is gently sloping. At the western end the shingle bank rested against a stone, which fades further into wood, resembles a sea wall which ranged from 4 feet to12 feet in height. Precipitous bluffs then raised high up to 170 feet, dominating the whole beach and cut into by small wooded valleys. The Germans, earlier anticipating for an attack in the beachheads, constructed three lines of obstacles in the water. This consisted of Belgian Gates with mines lashed to the uprights, logs driven into the sand pointing seaward and hedgehogs installed 130 yards from the shoreline. The area between the shingle bank and the bluffs was both wired and mined with the latter also scattered on the bluff slopes (Gerrard, Bujeiro and Zaloga, 2003). Their troops were concentrated mostly around the entrances to the draws and protected by minefields and wire (Dube, 2005). Each bunker was interconnected by trenches and tunnels. Machine guns, light artillery pieces and anti-tank guns completed the disposition of artillery targeting the beach. No area of the beach was left uncovered, and the disposition of weapons meant that flanking fire could be brought to bear anywhere along the beach. The Allied forces’ plan of attack includes dividing the Omaha beach into ten sectors. The assault landings were to start at 06:30, which was coined as the â€Å"H-Hour†. Before that, the beach defenses will be bombarded by naval and aerial support forces. The objective was for the beach defenses to be cleared two hours after assault. By the end of the day the forces at Omaha were to have established a bridgehead five miles deep into the enemy territory. To execute this plan the Omaha assault force totaled 34,000 men and 3,300 vehicles with naval support provided by 2 battleships, 3 cruisers, 12 destroyers and 105 other ships (Vat and Eisenhower, 2003). However, during the initial attack, nothing went according to plan (Lewis, 2000). Ten of the landing crafts have gone astray before they reached the beach and some were flooded by the rough seas. Some had even sunk. Smoke and mist hinders the navigation of the assault crafts while a heavy current served to push them to the east. The initial bombardment proved to be ineffective. Their mark fell too far inland, thus they hardly touched the coastal defenses. When the landing craft came closer to the shore, the were under increasingly heavy fire from automatic weapons and artillery With the failure of the initial assault, a second one started coming ashore about two hours later. Their mission was to bring in reinforcements, support weapons and headquarter elements. Some relief against the mostly unsuppressed enemy fire was gained simply because with more troops landing the concentration of fire was spread more about the many targets available (Dube, 2005). The survivors among the initial forces were not however able to give much covering fire and the landing troops still suffered in places the same high casualty rates as those in the first wave. The failure to clear sufficient paths through the beach obstacles added to the difficulties of the second wave now that the tide was beginning to cover those obstacles. The loss of landing craft as they hit these defenses before they reached the shore began to contribute in the rate of attrition. As in the initial landings, navigation is still difficult and the disturbing miss-landings continued to upset the Allied forc es. From the German’s vantage point, at Pointe de la Percee, which is overlooking the entire beach, the assault seemed to have been stopped at the beach. An officer there noted that troops were seeking cover behind obstacles and counted ten tanks burning. However, casualties among their defenders were mounting, chiefly as a result of the allied naval fire. At the same time they were also requesting reinforcement, but their request could not be met because the situation elsewhere in Normandy was becoming more urgent for the defenders (Dube, 2005). As the battle progresses, events of the landing were starting to influence the next phase of the battle. The draws, which would serve as the pathway from the beaches to the inner territory, remained strongly concentrated by the defenders. The allies needed to go through these draws to achieve their main target for the day. Also, the issue of leadership began becoming a problem. Miss-landings and blunders in the original plan caused disorganization, and communication between units was compromised (Lewis, 2000). Despite the apparent disadvantage of the Allied forces’ position, continual waves of landings and naval artillery support eventually weakened the German defense. By early afternoon the strong point guarding the draw at Vierville was silenced by the navy, but without enough force on the ground to mop up the remaining defenders the exit could not be opened (Dube, 2005). Traffic was eventually able to use this route by nightfall, and the surviving tanks of the tank battalion spent the night near Vierville. The advance of the initial assault teams cleared away the last remnants of the force defending the draws. When engineers cut a road up the western side of this draw, it became the main route inland off the beaches. With the congestion on the beaches thus relieved, they were re-opened for the landing of vehicles. After the inland infiltration, clashes pushed the grip out barely a mile and a half deep in the enemy area to the east, and the whole beachhead remained under artillery fire. In the evening, the Allies completed the planned landing of infantry, although but losses in equipment were high, because of bad sea conditions. Of the 2,400 tons of supplies scheduled to be landed on D-Day, only 100 tons was actually landed. Casualties were estimated at 3,000 killed, wounded and missing. The heaviest casualties were taken by the infantry tanks and engineers in the first landings. The Germans suffered 1,200 killed, wounded and missing. On the second day, the engineers constructed the first airfield to be built after D-Day, on the cliff near St. Laurent, and this was used by the Ninth Air Force to support the ground troops as, over the next two days, they accomplished the original D-Day objectives (Lewis, 2000). The complete invasion had not been materialized yet, and the objectives of the D-Day were not achieved. Hundreds of Allied troops are still coming, fighting is ominous, and both sides are unprepared. The D-Day, the â€Å"Longest Day† has ended, but the war on Liberation has just begun. References Adrian R. Lewis 2000, Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory, December 3, 2000 Alan Dube 2005, A Navy Soldier on Omaha Beach, August 15, 2005 Dan van der Vat and John S. D. Eisenhower 2003, D-Day: The Greatest Invasion – A People’s History, by November 15, 2003 Howard Gerrard, Ramiro Bujeiro, and Steven J. Zaloga 2003, Campaign 100: D-Day 1944 at Omaha Beach, July 23, 2003 How to cite Omaha Beach Invasion, Essay examples

Tyger as evil in William Blakes The Tyger free essay sample

In the poem, Blake paints a picture of a higher power creating the Tyger. In the first stanza the central question of the poem: what immortal being or force could create such a creature is introduced. The immortal hand or eye references sight and creation by God, or some omnipotent being. As well, Blake asks how God could frame thy fearful symmetry suggesting how can such a divine evil be contained? Blake uses the Tyger to create a sense of something big and mysterious and at the same time having some sort of energy and power. This level of complexity requires the divine creative power of an immortal God. The second stanza uses the word he in the third line again hinting the creator is God, or some higher power. In the third stanza, Blake returns to the creator with descriptions of his omnipotence. Writing what shoulder, and what art suggesting strength and skill required to create the Tyger. We will write a custom essay sample on Tyger as evil in William Blakes The Tyger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chase 2 The second and fourth stanzas go on to ask where and how the Tyger (evil) was created. In the second stanza, Blakes use of distant deeps or skies could refer to nother world, possibly hell or heaven as the place the Tyger was created. The image of the Tyger being created in such a place adds another level of mystery for the reader. Additionally, in stanza four, Blake begins to question how the Tyger was formed. The use of the metaphor ofa blacksmith helps the reader visualize creation. Blakes use of the words: hammer, furnace, chain, and anvil are all tools used by the blacksmith. The reader feels the complexity of the blacksmiths Job: the work is hard, dirty, hot, and rough, yet takes skill and strength. Blake ties this metaphor into stanza two where in line two he asks how the creator burnt the fire of thine eyes, where burnt could mean to forge from fire. The fifth stanza most clearly leads the reader to believe that there is a Christian background and basis of Blakes poem. Line three and four most closely relates the word he to God by asking, did he who made the Lamb make thee? Traditionally referring to the Lamb as Jesus Christ, the Son of God, made by God in human form. Jesus Christ was perfect and innocent. The first two lines of the stanza serve as the reaction to his creation: beginning Blakes link to Christian background writing, when the stars threw down their spears, and watered heaven with their tears, referring to the casting down ot the Angels atter Satan rebelled against The reader gets a feeling that there may have been some remorse for creating the Tyger (evil). Blake concludes by questioning the existence of the Tyger, and ties into the divinity of the creator. In the final stanza, Blake repeats the first, but with one word Chase 3 changed: could is replaced by dare. Instead of questioning the ability of the creator, Blake is now questioning his nerve. Additionally, Blake seems to challenge the courage or strength of the creator to contain the Tyger. This line ties into stanza two line four where Blake asks, what the hand dare seize the fire, fist introducing the word dare. Blake is challenging God, asking how dare He create evil (the Tyger). In the final stanza, Blake is re-stating the central question while raising the stakes. In the poem The Tyger, William Blake questions the creation and existence of evil by the use of metaphors, symbols, and relations to the Christian faith. Blake describes the creation of evil as being forged from fire in the depths of hell by the hand of the Almighty Blacksmith. The same hand that created such a divine evil also created the Lamb: soft and innocent, perfect in every way.